14 These co-morbid factors can put Vietnamese older adults at an increased risk of cognitive decline. In addition, Asian Americans in general are at a particularly high risk for viral hepatitis. 13 VAs also have markedly higher incidences of cervical and liver cancer compared to any other ethnic groups. For instance, compared to other Asian American subgroups, VA women had the highest rates of stroke and dementia. Several medical conditions associated with increased risks of cognitive decline were common among Vietnamese. 9–11 A recent study of the MoCA test in Vietnamese included a very small sample (n=7) of Vietnamese older adults who had been diagnosed with dementia or neurocognitive disorder. 5–7 Research with a community-based sample, where the MoCA and MMSE scores were compared 8 or the internal reliability and construct validity of the MoCA test were examined remains limited. 4 In more recent validations of the MoCA test in languages other than English, the test scores were also compared between groups with and without a clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment. In many studies, the MoCA test and subtests have primarily been validated against either a clinical diagnosis or the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, another tool also widely used for MCI screening. Koski 3 summarized this literature within the context of cerebrovascular diseases, where cognitive impairment is a common consequence. With a score between 0 and 30 points, the MoCA has the ability to assess multiple cognitive domains 1,2 it has been used in more than 200 countries in different languages, and available for clinical and educational use from Many researchers have validated the MoCA test the vast majority of such studies were with patient populations - those at risk or already diagnosed with cognitive impairments.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 1 is a simple and user friendly tool widely used for screening mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia.

Moca test score 24